Translation is as much about mediating different cultures as it is about language. But I like Ode 3.13 because it mostly lacks any culturally specific content—aside from the sacrifice of the young goat, that is. For the most part, a poem praising a beautiful, fresh spring can be appreciated by a 21st century reader as it was by Horace’s fellow Romans. And the compact image of the goat’s blood in the water is Horace at his best (picture the hot, red blood swirling in the ice-cold, perfectly clear waters of the fountain). All this makes the poem a good test case for the aesthetics of translation: how much of the form and content of the original Latin poem, its intricacies of imagery, wordplay, and rhythm, can be captured in English?

In this translation I’ve abandoned the original meter—Latin meter relies on syllable length, rather than stress, so it’s a bit beside the point to try to recreate it in English—but I’ve kept the poem’s tight organization of four four-line stanzas. The poem essentially hinges on the symbiotic relationship between the poet and the fountain he praises: without the poet, the fountain cannot attain fame, but without the fountain, the poet lacks a subject to sing about. You can follow this dynamic relationship in the last stanza with the pronouns alone, as the poem oscillates between the “I” of the speaker and the “you” of the fountain. Finally, in the last line of the poem, the speaker endows the waters of the fountain with their own capacity for speech and poetic voice. The poet has come to the fountain and lent his own voice, but only to allow the fountain to speak for itself. Not bad advice for a translator, either.

HORACE'S ODE 3.13

O fons Bandusiae, splendidior vitro

dulci digne mero non sine floribus,

cras donaberis haedo,

cui frons turgida cornibus

primis et Venerem et proelia destinat,

frustra: nam gelidos inficiet tibi

rubro sanguine rivos

lascivi suboles gregis.

te flagrantis atrox hora Caniculae

nescit tangere, tu frigus amabile

fessis vomere tauris

praebes et pecori vago.

fies nobilium tu quoque fontium,

me dicente cavis impositam ilicem

saxis, unde loquaces

lymphae desiliunt tuae.

TRANSLATION:

Fountain of Bandusia, more shining than glass,

worthy of wine not without flowers,

tomorrow you’ll be given

a young goat whose brow aching

with new horns is ready for love and for war

in vain. For he will dye your icy

streams with red blood,

this offspring of the playful flock.

You the harsh season of the burning Dog Star

cannot touch, you who offer beloved cold

to bulls tired from the plow

and to the wandering herd.

You will become one of the noble fountains

as I sing of the ilex tree hanging over

the hollow rocks from where

your waters leap with voices.

Erik P. Fredericksen is a Classics concentrator in Quincy house who just completed a thesis on Horace’s Odes and problems of translation. Next year, Erik plans to continue studying Classics at Oxford.