May said that while he was "surprised and dismayed" by the findings of the AP report, he was impressed by the Army's response.
"It was a curious situation because when the AP broke the story, it turned out that the Army had not previously looked into this," May said.
May's service as an adviser included "seven or eight" meetings at the Pentagon with members of Cohen's staff.
"They brought in a lot of people, [they've] gone to the...Navy and Air Force, [and have] gone extensively through the National Archives," he said.
But despite all the research, he said the truth may never be known.
"I don't think myself, except in a very general sense, that we'll be able to say, in terms of numbers or anything, exactly what happened," May said. "Everyone is in agreement that whatever happened, it was nothing like My Lai [a massacre in Vietnam]. It was not a deliberate atrocity. Whatever happened was incidental to a panicked retreat."
He said he expects to wrap up his advisory role by late next month.
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