Guido Goldman '59, executive director of the Center for European Studies and lecturer on Government, is the University's Reischauer for Europe. Goldman was mostly responsible for landing the $2 million grant from the Alfred Krupp Foundation that established a chair and a graduate fellowship in social sciences: he was instrumental in the negotiating of a grant for $930,000 from the German government to study Germany and Europe; and, he got a $124,000 Volkswagen grant for European studies. But Goldman sees more future in cultivating American corporations' dealings with Europe. The largest European foundations have an average income that comes nowhere near that of the big United States foundations, Goldman says. "Volkswagen is nothing like the Ford, Johnson, Kellogg or Rockefeller Foundations," he says.

With his new job as special assistant to Dean Rosovsky for international affairs, Goldman believes that one of his chief chores will be to shore up the funding of other unendowed centers (his own, the European Study Center, has an endowment) that face Ford Foundation cutbacks in the near future.

To Goldman the prospects of U.S. corporations giving money to Harvard seem strong. He admires the foresight of German corporations, which he says don't restrict their money to the study of their own country, but insist that it be used to study all of Europe. He says he wishes that U.S. corporations would express the same commitment.

Goldman believes that both the corporation and the studied country stand to gain from partially corporate-supported European studies. He gives the example of a rubber company that may pollute the air in a city and then feel compelled, out of community relations, to build a hospital in the area. Logically, then, if that company got its rubber from outside the country: "For the sake of argument, say they got the rubber from Liberia, well then why not put the money in African studies?" Most Ford executives sent to run Opel in Germany read "only two-three books on Germany" before going over, Goldman says, often causing strained relations between the corporation and the host country.

For Adam Ulam, director of the Russian Research Center and professor of Government, the problems are similar to those at many centers at Harvard and elsewhere. The Russian Research Center receives almost all of its aid exclusively from the Ford Foundation, and he says the foundation has already told him, "It is time for someone else to take over." But as for solutions, Ulam explains, "It would be most unlikely that we could get money from Russia." And although Ulam has not gone to U.S. corporations dealing with Russia for help. Goldman explains that few corporations would want to pump money into a center "that Russians see as critical of their regime." Ulam must rely on a recently-authorized team fund raising effort, the first of its kind, joining forces with Columbia to scrape together the funds to keep both their Russian research centers alive. "Even if we could expect money from Russia," says Ulam, "we wouldn't like to be financed by a government we study."

Where the University's international fund raisers are least concerned with sources drying up is in the area of Middle Eastern Studies. The Middle East Study Center is showing no signs of financial difficulties, having already begun to tap middle eastern sources and U.S. corporations linked with Arabic nations. A.J. Meyer, professor of Middle Eastern Studies, is the University's biggest gun in the Middle East, one of the few men in the U.S. having close ties with Saudi Arabian interests. Although Peterson claims no one from the University has yet been able to develop the contracts in the Middle East to bring any substantial grants to the University, the proposed Harvard feasibility study of the graduate institute in Iran may forge the contacts necessary to give Harvard some of the Middle East oil money--money that other universities have had greater success in tapping.

The Middle East fund-raising situation brings to mind, however, what Peterson calls "the ideological restraints" of international fund-raising. "If any country were to put down racial restrictions, we wouldn't accept the money," he says. "We have turned down money already on that regard." Peterson says that often the genealogy of the fund-raised dollar is so tangled that it gets nearly impossible to tell what the original source of the donor's money was. But, he says, the University is careful to reject money from corporations or governments whose enterprises may be illegitimate for fear that by accepting the money the University may appear to be endorsing those activities.

Goldman warns that the University's departments should be cautious that certain corporations don't distort their focus. He says it would be unfortunate if the East Asian Studies Center grew where corporations giving money to it are involved and not in other areas. "You can't be ethnocentric, you must study the whole context," Goldman says. "It would be awkward to set up a study center just for Kuwaiti studies."

If international fund-raising grows, in the far distance, Olney says, the University may see a vice president for international affairs. But both Peterson and Goldman believe that in the near future such an office won't be necessary. Peterson is even skeptical about how much money there is left out there for Harvard. And Goldman cites a "natural disinclination" of corporations to chip into something that might recommend that the workers should help out in management. But to the people in charge of the centers, institutions and departments that see the cutbacks coming--people like Fairbank--even the hope of receiving money from international sources to bail out the soon-to-be-broke East Asian Study Center is one that he is not throwing away. "It is like waiting to hear from colleges after making applications," Fairbank says, "and we need the scholarship money to go on."