The procedure in obtaining degrees and in going out for honors is the same in all three languages. In the fall of Junior year every concentrator must take an examination on the Bible and Shakespere and two ancient authors, the same examination taken by History and Literature concentrators. A student who fails in his Junior year will be allowed to take the corresponding examination in the fall of his Senior year. Near the end of his Senior year he must take a written examination on the literature in which he has concentrated.

FRENCH

The elementary courses in French were reorganized in 1936, and are smoothly running, thorough courses, but, as far as A, B, and C are concerned, no more stimulating than any elementary grammar courses, especially when being taught to mature college students. French A and B are beginners' courses, the latter a high powered course meeting five times & week and combining A with the second year course C. Both were easier than expected. Course C is intended for those who want to pursue study in grammar and composition. It is not so easy and to those not interested in grammar is dull. French E is the course for those who pass the cp8 entrance examination, is the largest French course, and is divided into sectiontions on Drama, Science, History, and Literature. It is well liked, not too hard.

The courses for speaking are D, 4, and 5, D is on oral self-expression and practice. Last year it was easy, there was not enough discipline in the sections nor any satisfactory way of stimulating conversation from all members fairly, such as there is in Spanish 8. But with perseverance a student will learn to talk. Courses 4 and 5, two connecting half-courses, were criticized because the sections are too big, some men never get any practice, and the poor student stays poor, Moreover Mercier is too lax in correcting pronunciation.

French F is unique in subject, being an "Introduction to France," and covering the cultural background of France, the economic and geographic structure, the government, and French social and community life. Professor Morize has taken great pains in preparing this course, in conection with which there is a small library in the Union. To anyone who knows anything about France, however, it is likely to seem superficial and without purpose.

French 6 is the survey literature course, and is the best course for men outside the field providing they have had enough French. Concentrators should take E Freshman year (if they can) and 6 the following year. The further literature courses are open to men who have passed in 6. Courses 7 and 8, on the literature of the nineteenth and eighteenth centuries respectively, are given in French, contain good material, and are well presented. Concentrators wished Professor Allard would talk a little louder, however.

There is very little definite work in course 9 on the seventeenth century, which is a limited enough sphere so that it is possible to give play to the individual approach of the student, which is encouraged by Cons. French 10 is on the social background of French literature, unduly emphasizing the middle ages and neglecting the period since the sixteenth century. The material is not important for Divisionals, though interestingly presented by Mercier. Course 11 is probably the best of the advanced courses in literature. It is given in English, although French 6 is required. Hawkins has organized the course well, he gives an excellent survey of the novel, and the material is valuable for the Divisionals. French 30, a good course on modern French Literature conducted well by Professor Morize, will be omitted next year.

In general the French Literature courses contain good material but present it poorly, sometimes putting emphasis on the wrong points, often vague. But with a little concentration on the student's part he will get a good deal out of them.

SPANISH

Spanish 1, the elementary course, is well run, easy if one has had French, and adequate. Spanish 7 is the continuing composition course, lasts a half year. It is monotonous and now and then repents course 1, but is valuable for further Spanish courses. In Spanish 8, a second half year course, Professor Rivera has produced a course in which each student is forced to learn to talk, and which is at the same time interesting. Students subscribe to La Prensa, a New York Spanish newspaper, and discuss articles of current interest in it.

Spanish 4 and 2 are the only courses which can qualify as Spanish literature courses. The former is a general view, corresponding to French 6, and could almost stand being a full course. Professor Ford gives both this and number 2 on the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and Cervantes. The defect of the other Spanish literature courses is that there is too much emphasis on the mechanics of translation. Whittem, and to a lesser degree Rivera, are both at their best on composition and tend to neglect the literary aspect of their material.

ITALIAN

Italian shares the problems of Spanish as far as the courses are concerned. Italian 1 is an adequate course, more difficult than Spanish 1, however, and few Freshmen took it last year. Concentrators in Italian literature can cover the field satisfactorily in three years. Italian 7 is the only advanced composition course, and is given in alternate years. Dr. Solano does a good job in both 1 and 7, and the latter is good for speaking.

Professor Weston heads all four courses in literature, but they are never all given together. His failing is the same as that noted in Spanish--his literature courses, except perhaps Italian 10 on Dante, consist of literal translations with little or no appreciation or background, and are therefore dull for the advanced student. 4 is his half course on literature in general; in course 5, on modern literature, he devotes three fourths of the time to poetry, and the class consists mainly of translation.

The suggestion was made in reference to these Italian literature courses, but holds for Spanish as well, that the instructor should give at least one carefully prepared lecture a week, which should deal woth the literary and cultural sides of the works studied.

Because of the limited and inadequate nature of the literature courses in Spanish and Italian, and because literature is the most important part of preparation for the Divisionals, a great deal of tutorial must be done in these fields. All the instructors in these two languages serve as tutors and are competent in that capacity