In the School of Applied Science important changes have taken place during the year. A number of technical courses have been removed from the list open to undergraduates, carrying forward the design of placing the School on a graduate basis. At the same time the plan of instruction has been modified and made more intensive in method, so that a college graduate without technical preparation can be taught his Engineering, Mining, or Architecture in the shortest possible period. No doubt it will take time for the community to learn that a man who hopes to rise high in his profession gains in the end by a college education preceding his technical studies. Engineering ought to stand among the liberal professions which are enriched by a general education, and in fact the number of college men who enter engineering schools, though still small, is increasing year by year.

The organization of the School has also been altered. At the suggestion of the instructors, the departments have been formed into Schools of Engineering, of Mining and Metallurgy, of Architecture and so forth, each under a Council of instructors, the whole being grouped under a new and distinct Faculty of Applied Science. This has the double advantage of giving the Schools a more strictly professional tone under the government of a body devoted wholly to their interests, and of relieving the Faculty of Arts and Sciences of questions hardly germane to its regular work. The new organization nominally went into effect in September, 1912, but in fact the Faculty of Applied Science began its services in the year covered by this report, and its members are glad to work out their common problems in a meeting of this kind.

The Graduate Schools of Applied Science possess an admirable staff of professors, and already in some directions excellent equipment, but as yet few students, for the reputation in the profession which fills the classes is naturally of slow growth. It cannot be stimulated rapidly, and depends upon the achievements of the men that the institution has produced. These are the principal means of recruiting fresh students for any school, and years must always pass before their influence in the community is strongly felt.

Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Since the last report was written the Massachusetts Institute of Technology has decided, at the request of great numbers of our fellow citizens, to erect its new buildings in Cambridge, and this brings home to us the question whether some co-operation between the two institutions is not possible in the training of students who are graduates of colleges or technical schools. That would not trench upon the principal field of the Institute of Technology, while it would add greatly in the efficiency of training college graduates, to whose needs the curriculum provided for boys coming from high schools is imperfectly adapted. The number of such college graduates is, and for an indefinite time to come will be, far too small to justify two separate schools; and that is even more true of the men who, after finishing the regular technical course, want to pursue advanced work. To maintain two distinct plants, fully staffed and equipped, for the teaching of an insufficient number of students in the most expensive of all kinds of education is not only a waste of educational resources, but entails an even more pitiful loss of efficiency. The momentum obtained by a combined effort would be far greater than that of two separate schools striving singly for the same object. No plan of co-operation has been devised, but the difficulties ought not to be insuperable if approached with mutual good will and a sense that an educational institution does not exist solely for its own glory, but as a means to a larger end.

The Law School.

Some comment was aroused by the decline in the number of students in the Law School at the opening of the term of October, 1912; but this is due, as the Dean explains in his report, not to the size of the entering class, which is substantially as large as ever, but to raising the standard for continuing in the School in the case of men whose work has been defective. Since the School has grown larger it has become both possible and necessary to insist on thoroughly satisfactory work by all students who attend the classes and who by their very presence affect the standard. The number of graduates of Harvard College who enter the School has, indeed, fallen of late years; but, this, as the elaborate report of the National Bureau of Education on the occupation of college graduates shows, is part of a general movement which is felt most promptly at Harvard. To inquire into its causes would not be possible here. It is enough to point out that the occupations in which college men engage have enlarged greatly, and the attractions of business life have grown stronger. The report of the Bureau, with its diagrams of historic changes in the proportion of graduates following different vocations, is highly interesting.

Graduate School of Medicine.

The year has been marked in the Medical School by the appointment of two new deans. That of Dr. Bradford as Dean of the School has already been mentioned. The other office is new. For many years courses of instruction, both clinical and in the laboratories, have been offered for the benefit of physicians and surgeons in active practice. A large part of these have been included in the Medical Summer School, while others have been given in term-time. The science and art of medicine are advancing so rapidly that many practitioners are glad of opportunities to gain a greater familiarity with recent methods than they can get from medical journals alone; and the Faculty felt that instruction of this character could profitably be made more systematic. A Graduate School of Medicine has, therefore, been created, with a separate dean and administrative board, and to some extent an additional staff of instructors, although not a distinct Faculty. Dr. Horace David Arnold has been appointed Dean; and the School opened its courses in October, 1912, with a very promising registration.

Hospitals.

Reference has been made on a preceding page and in former reports to the closer relations between the Medical School and the different hospitals. The central factor in the movement is the alliance with the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, situated opposite the main entrance to the School. The buildings are nearly completed, and will be ready for the first patients in a few weeks. In accordance with the arrangement for a joint selection of the staff of the Hospital and instructors in the School. Dr. Christian, our Hersey Professor of the Theory and Practice of Medicine, is the Physician-in-Chief of the Hospital, and Dr. Harvey Cushing, formerly of Johns Hopkins University, is Surgeon-in-Chief and has taken his chair as Moseley Professor of Surgery at the School. The other members of the staff have been selected by mutual understanding.

Notable also in the history of the School have been the opening of the Collis P. Huntington Memorial Hospital for Cancer in close co-operation with the School, and the calling for the first time of a non-resident to a chair in the School and a leading position on the staff of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Dr. David Linn Edsall, formerly of the University of Pennsylvania and later of Washington University at St. Louis, was appointed chief of one of the two continuous medical services at the Hospital and Jackson Professor of Clinical Medicine in the School. The only other appointment to a full professorship has been the promotion of George Gray Scars to Clinical Professor of Medicine.

Medical School Discoveries.

The year has been remarkable for a series of contributions to medical science made at the School. During the summer and autumn of 1912 Dr. Folin published his discoveries in metabolism, which made a profound impression, and his analysis of the blood in cases of rheumatism and gout; Dr. Mallory, his discovery of the germ of whooping cough; while Dr. Rosenau, with the co-operation of Dr. Richardson of the State Board of Health and Professor Wheeler of the Bussey Institution, ascertained that infantile paralysis was transmitted through a species of stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans). Enlarging the bounds of knowledge is a function of a university no less essential than imparting it; and in one field are the two more closely connected today than in medicine. Three such discoveries in the course of a single year are, therefore, a deep source of gratification.

Exchange Professorships.