CHENGDU, China—Although Chengdu is only the fourth largest city in China, and not well known in the Western world, it is at the center of the massive urbanization and modernization occurring throughout the country.  I have spent the past week here on a program through the IOP, meeting with government officials and business leaders, learning about the growth and development plan that is currently being implemented in Chengdu.

We are beginning to get a sense of the way that business works here.  The other day I was vividly reminded of an old American history lesson in high school about vertical integration in the steel industry.  We learned that large steel companies  owned the mines, the production mills, the distribution centers, and the train lines that distributed the finished product.

In Chengdu, we are seeing vertical integration on the city level.  The government (or rather, members of the Chinese Communist Party) carefully designs new buildings and office parks to attract major companies to bring their business to Chengdu; it provides office space and seed funding for start-up businesses; it doles out grants to “NGOs” providing services to needy members of the community.  It feels like the Western conception of the diversified enterprise has been applied to the city.  Rather than various branches of the company working independently, but sharing executive administration, the various businesses in the city work independently of each other, but all play a role in the government’s larger plans for the city to increase its profit and output.

Certainly, there are interesting debates to be had about the economic advantages and disadvantages of this model, but seeing the system in action has also raised a more profound question in my mind: what is the ultimate goal of an entire city?

The workings of a company of any scale can ultimately be reduced to a complicated optimization problem with many input and output variables; the final goal being to maximize profits.  But should a city be in the business of optimizing profits?  If not, what should it optimize?  It is easy to argue that seeking profit above all ignores important considerations such as quality of life, but it is harder to specify a viable alternative metric.  I have no answer, but I think that cities like Chengdu will serve as interesting testing grounds for a question that may become increasingly important in today’s increasingly urbanized world.