A sparkling four-hitter by rookie Charles Hudson yesterday brought the Philadelphia Phillies within one game of clinching the National League pennant. The 7-2 victory over Los Angeles gave the host Phillies a 2-1 edge over the Dodgers in the best-of-five National League Championship Series.

Gary Matthews slugged his second home run of the series and drove in three more runs with a pair of singles. Hudson, a 24-year-old right hander, struck out nine to silence the visiting Dodger bets.

The Phillies will try to clinch the pennant Saturday night with 300-game winner Steve Carlton, who beat the Dodgers in Game One of the series. Los Angeles, hoping to extend the playoff to a decisive fifth game, will probably start Jerry Reuss, the first-game loser.

Limited to two runs--both of them solo homers--in the first two games, the Phillies yesterday scored twice in the second inning, without the benefit of a base hit.

Orioles Triumph

The slumbering lumber of Eddie Murray awoke with startling quickness last night, as did tempers on both teams, and the Baltimore Orioles defeated the Chicago White Sox 11-1 to take a two-games-to-one lead in the American League playoffs.

Murray ended an 0-for-29 postseason drought, dating back to the 1979 World Series, with a three-run home run in the first inning and was involved in the second of two bench-clearing disputes in Baltimore's two-run fifth.

Left-hander Mike Flanagan, who had not beaten the White Sox during the regular seasort, yielded five hits in five innings, and Sammy Stewart retired the first 10 White Sox he faced to finish the rout.