Question: "Resolved, That co-education at Harvard is desirable."

Brief for the Affirmative.

R. C. RINGWALT and W. S. YOUNGMAN.Best general references: James Freeman Clarke in Christian Register: Educ. Rev. VIII, 471 (Dec. 1894); Forum III, 631 (Aug. 1887); George Santayana in Educ. Rev. VII, 313 (Apr. 1894); Century III, 683; Forum XVII 582 (July 1894).

I. The aim of Harvard is primarily that of a university. - (a) Elective system. - (b) Prominence of the graduate school. - (c) Growth of the Lawrence Scientific School. - (d) Importance of courses of research; Charles Gross in Educ. Rev. VII, 27.

II. A university must admit women on the same terms with men. - (a) Increased demand for education on the part of women as shown by - (1) Great number of women now in universities. - (2) Number of institutions now open to women - (b) The great European universities admit women. - (1) England. - (2) France. - (3) Switzerland. - (4) Holland. - (5) Italy. - (6) Sweden. - (c) The best universities of the country admit women - (1) Yale. - (2) Brown. - (3) Univ. of Penn. - (4) Univ. of Chicago. - (5) Univ. of Mich. - (6) Univ. of Wis.

III. A dual development of the graduate and undergraduate departments of Harvard is impossible. - (a) College and graduate school are essentially similar and continuous: Ed. Rev. VII, 313. - (1) Advanced and technical courses open to undergraduates. - (2) Difference in the college life of graduates and undergraduates less marked: President's Report, 1894.

IV. The objections to co-education are groundless. - (a) Women are already admitted to the graduate school. - (b) Co-education has been successful wherever tried. - (1) Cornell. - (2) Univ. of Mich. - (c) The maintenance of another institution like Radcliffe is undesirable. - (1) On the ground of economy. - (2) Character of the work less satisfactory. - (d) The whole opposition to the change is one prejudice and sentiment. - (2) It is inconsistent with a broad liberal spirit.

Brief for the Negative.

J. C. ROWE and W. L. VAN KLEECK.Best general references: J. B. Warner, in Harvard Grad. Mag., 2: 329 (March, 1894); Forum 13: 461 (June, 1892); C. W. Eliot et al. in Critic, 3: 152-154; C. W. Eliot, Annual Report, Jan., 1895.

I. It is undesirable. - (a) At best, co-education in college open to positive objections. - (1) Lack of refinement and oversight in social matters, e.g., Oberlin: Forum, 17, p. 582. - (2) Girls thrown into critical atmosphere, e. g., they are made the subject of unpleasant comment by young men: Educational R., vol. 4, p. 518. - (3) Practically harder for girls than for men. - (b) These objections peculiarly forcible at Harvard. - (1) Policy is to allow greatest freedom in personal matters.

II. It is impracticable. - (a) Young women must be separately cared for. - (1) Administration must be partly, at least, in hands of women. - (2) Separate gymnasium necessary. - (b) Present resources inadequate to accommodate large accession in numbers. - (1) Already a yearly deficit: Treasurer's Reports. - (2) Insufficient building room, e. g., Library. - (c) Legal difficulties in application of funds and properties explicitly devoted to men, e. g., bequests, scholarships, etc. - (d) Administrative work of college authorities already too great.

III. It is unnecessary. - (a) Highest education already accessible to women: C. W. Eliot, Annual Report, Jan. 1895. - (1) Radcliffe College supplies it to undergraduates. - (x) Instruction of same grade as at Harvard. - (y) Given by Harvard teachers. - (2) Harvard supplies it to graduates. - (x) Graduate courses open to Radcliffe. - (b) This plan is practicable and efficient. - (1) Objections to co-education eliminated. - (2) It has been adopted successfully elsewhere. - (v) Newnham College, at Cambridge, Eng. (w) Giston College, Oxford. - (x) Barnard College, Columbia. - (y) Western Reserve University.