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tinctions of the three orders in architecture without making any attempt to explain the reasons for the differences or even the causes of the adoption of the principles common to all the orders and to their variations.

He said that there was much confusion in the popular idea of orders. Many persons think that different styles are different orders, while in reality the orders are only various expressions of the same style. There are only three distinct orders,- the Doric, the Ionic, and the Corinthian. All others are variations of these. The variations are endless in number and admit of as great changes as any one can desire. The restrictions are not in any sense bonds, but have really done more to bring about variety of design than to limit it.

There are certain principles common to all orders. Every one consists of three parts, the entableture the column, and the base. In each one every part bears a certain relation to every other part. One-half the diameter of the column is taken as the unit of measurement and to this every thing is referred. It is not advisable to learn by heart all these relations, but the architect should be so familiar with their various appearances, that he can tell at a glance to what order any work belongs. In all the orders the column is straight for one third of its height, and the rest of the way follows some definite curve. The smallest diameter must always be five-sixths of the greatest, and there are various other points which the orders have in common. The exact distinctions between the orders are necessarily technical, but in general the orders may be distinguished by the difference in the caps of the columns. The Doric is the simplest, then comes the Ionic increasing in strength and richness, and finally, most massive and rich of all, the Corinthian.

There is considerable difference between the Roman and Greek representations of the orders. The Roman is usually not given the credit due to it. It is not merely an imitation of Greek work, but many Roman varieties stand out as marvels of originality and beauty.

During the lecture Mr. Hastings showed some forty stereopticon views of the different orders, principally those of Roman varieties.