Question: Resolved, That the principles of the A. P. A. deserve the support of American citizens."

Brief for the Affirmative.

W. D. BROOKINGS and V. H. MAY.Best general references: Principles in Harper's Weekly, Oct. 27, 1894; W. E. Gladstone, Vatican Decrees and Civil Allegiance; E. D. Mead, The Roman Catholic Church and the Public Schools; Bishop Coxe, The Jesuit Party in American Politics; Madison C. Peters, The Pope's Irish in American Politics.

I. Their principles are in accordance with our constitution: Charles Eaton, A Religious Test.

II. They tend to strengthen American institutions. - (a) Respect for the constitution. - (b) Patriotism and Americanism: Boston Post, Oct. 19, 1894.

III. They aim at reforms impossible by present parties. - (a) No state aid to sectarian institutions. - (b) Restriction of immigration. - (c) Uniform naturalization laws. - (d) Extension of term of probation.

IV. They oppose the unseen yet dangerous power of the Roman Catholic Church. - (a) Enormous influence. - (1) In numbers. - (2) In centralization. - (3) In discipline. - (4) Through ignorance of adherents. - (b) Constantly increasing. - (1) Growth by immigration. - (2) Strengthening of discipline: Case of McGlynn; letters to Satoli from Bishop Coxe. - (c) Hostile to American Institutions. - (1) Makes the Roman Catholics a separate class. - (2) Opposes public schools: McGlynn in Forum, XVI, p. 13; E. D. Mead, Catholic Church. - (3) Controlled by a foreign "Potentate" claiming supremacy over our civil government: W. E. Gladstone, in Acad, p. 4; Vincent in Forum, XV, p. 263; Encyclical letter of Pope Leo XIII, Am. Cath. Quar. Rev., XIX, 777-789. - (4) Directly opposed to the advance of civilization: The U. S. the Pope's "one bright hope for the future."

Brief for the Negative.

JOHN A. FAIRLIE and E. S. PAGE.Best general references: Citizen, Nov. 17, 1894; Forum, xvii,, 196-206 (April 1894; North American Review, vol. 159, p. 278 (Sept. 1894); Report of Mass. Commissioners on Taxation and Exemption therefrom (1875) 153-160 and C. W. Eliot in appendix 367-394; Century xlvii, 789-795 (March, 1894), xlviii, 954 (Oct. 1894); T. E. A. Weadock in Congressional Record, June 17, 1894, p. 7199.

I. The principles of the A. P. A. are found - (a) in their professions: Citizen, Nov. 17, 1894. - (b) in their actions: Century, xlvii, 789-795.

II. Taxation of Religious, Educational and Charitable institutions inadvisable: Citizen, Nov. 17, 1894, Principle 7; Report on Taxation, 153-170, 367-394. - (a) These institutions perform necessary public functions. - (b) When supported by private benevolence their expense a saving to the state. - (c) Exemption a better method of encouraging private benevolence than direct grants.

III. Exclusion of Roman Catholics from public office and positions in schools would be an uncalled for injustice: Citizen, Nov. 17, 1894, Principles 3 and 5. - (a) Membership in Catholic Church not irreconcilable with American citizenship. - (b) Alleged machinations of Pope - even if true - would be ineffective. - (1) Decline of Papal power. - (2) Weakness of Catholic Church in U. S. - (3) Publicity of action in U. S.: C. W. Eliot, Forum, xviii, 138 (Oct. 1894). - (c) Establishment of a religious test would be unconstitutional: Const. of U. S. Art. VI, Sec. 3, Amdt. I. - (d) A religious test for office holders would be detrimental to good government.

IV. Secret political organizations are un-American: Century, xlviii, 954. - (a) Require votes to be cast as ordered, even contrary to convictions. - (b) Unsuitable for public officers whose duties may conflict with pledge. - (c) Cloak for underhanded work - (d)Temporary. - (1) Know-Nothing: Stanwood, Presidential Elections. - (e) Dangerous. - (1) Morgan Episode: Wilson, Division and Reunion, p. 62.

V. The proposed boycotts are un-American. - (a) Against endorsers of Catholics. - (1) Results in keeping out competent officials: Century, xlvii, 789. - (b) Against employment of Catholics. - (1) Socially. - (2) Economically. - (x) Delays industry. - (y) Excludes skilled workmen.

VI. The principles of the A. P. A. countenance bad methods: T. A. E. Weadock in Cong. Rec. June 12, 1894, p. 7199. - (a) Lies, forgeries and misrepresentations. - (b) Adoption of methods they condemn in Catholics. - (c) Adoption of other illegal means. - (1) Against the U. S. and State Constitutions: Denver Daily News, Oct. 6, 1894. - (d) Retaliation. - (1) Against officials refusing to join. - (2) Against officers performing their duty notwithstanding A. P. A. oath: Rocky Mountain News, Denver, Oct. 3, 1893.