Question: "Resolved, That it is the right and duty of the State to supervise and control primary and secondary education."

Brief for the affirmative.F. W. MOORE and G. O. VIRTUE.

Best general references: Lalor's Cyclopedia 29-40; Fouillee, Education from a National standpoint, 204-215; Educ. Rev. I. 27, 54 (Jan 1891); Ibid. V. 424 (May 1893); Jour. of Educ. XXXI. 297 (May 1890); Forum XII. 208 (Oct. 1891); W. T. Harris, in Andover, Rev., XI. 582-596 (June 1889).

I. The welfare of the State depends upon the intelligence and virtue of its people; Lalor II. 30. - (a) This is especially true in a republic. - (1) Where universal suffrage prevails; Horace Mann's Lectures II. 143 seq. - (2) Where there is a heterogeneous population.

II. The State, for its own safety, has the right to promote these qualities. - (a) By providing schools for intellectual and moral training; Forum XII. 209 (Oct. 1891). - (b) By compelling attendance upon them: Report of Com'r of Educ. 1888-9 I. ch. XVIII. - (c) Such compulsion is exercised. - (1) In Germany. - (2) In France; Rep't. Com. of Educ. 1888-9. p. 113 sq. - (3) In many States of the Union; 1b. ch. XVIII. passim.

III. It is the right of the State to supervise and control the education of its youth. - (a) By presenting certain branches as necessary to an education; Educ. Rev. I. 30 (Jan. 1891): (b) By fixing qualifications for teachers; ibid. - (c) By requiring proper provision for health of pupils. - (d) By providing a system of instruction, to secure adherence to the laws.

IV. There is a necessity for its exercise of such supervision and control. - (a) Of schools where all teaching is done in a foreign language as in: (1) Wis. and III; Nation L. 240 (Mar. 20, 1800). - (2) Other Western states. - (b) Of parochial and private schools; Rept. Com. of Educ., 1888-89, I, 640, seq.

Brief for Negative.F. L. YOUNG and O. G. VILLARD.

Best general references: Leroy-Beaulieu, The Modern State, book I. Chap. 5, book III. chap. I; Bluntschli's Theory of the State. 304, 305, 306; J. S. Mills' Principles of Political Economy, 576, 577; Nation, L. 240 (March 20, 1890), XLII 51, (Jan. 21, 1886); North Amer. Review, vol. 133, p. 251 (February 1881); Forum XII, 198 207 (Oct. 1891); Wm. T. Harris in Wisconsin Journal of Education IV 1 11 (1874); Popular Science Monthly, XXXII 124 (May 1887).

I. State supervision and control is a direct step towards state centralization and the destruction of local autonomy. - (a) The modern state is unable to perform well its present functions - (b) The attention of the state in this matter is less harmful today than excessive intrusion: Beaulieu 156 - (c) All Anglo Saxon nations hold local self-government to be the essence of freedom.

II. The functions of the state should be limited to - (a) Aid and encouragement of education Bluntschli, 306; Beaulieu, 66 - (b) Compulsory attendance; - (c) The attention to education should be one of visitation and judicious report.

III. State control is detrimental to popular education - (a) It puts education into politics - (b) It leads to all the evils of uniformity - (c) It destroys the self reliance and interest of parents and communities; Nation XLII, 51 - (d) It causes unequal burdens on the well-to-do classes: Pop. Sci. Mon. vol. st. p. 124- it discourages private benevolence.

IV. Popular education is a proper filed for private enterprise: Mill II, p. 576; Pop. Sci. Mon. 31 p. 125 - (a) It has been greatly benefited and stimulated by private enterprise.