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p. 295, and W. E. Chandler, Forum 13, p. 128. (b) a property qualification. (c) an educational test.

Brief for the negative.

E. R. COFFIN and W. S. HOCKLEY.

Best general references: Report on Alien Immigration by Messrs. Schloss and Burnett, 1893; North Am. Review, vol. 156, pp. 220 ff; Forum, XIII, pp. 360 ff.

I. The present laws restricting immigration are stringent enough, since-(a) they serve directly to keep out (1) criminals; (2) diseased persons; (3) persons unable to support themselves; (4) contract laborers, (Schloss, (71-78).- (b) they indirectly compel great care on the part of steamship companies in selectiong emigrants (Schloss, 77 and 127).

II. Further restriction is unadvisable or impracticable, since-(a) there is no consensus of opinion as to the best means of effecting further restriction (Schloss: 102-110)-(b) further restriction which is not radical in its nature is superfluous and-(c) can be achieved by a stricter enforcement of existing laws.

III. Certain popular methods of rescricting immigration are inexpedient or unjust-(a) Educational qualification: (b) Head tax: (c) Property qualification: (d) Consular certificates (Chandler, Forum, Feb. 1892; Smith, Emigration and Immigration, p. 282; Schloss, p. 97).

IV. Immigration is advantageous industrially: (a) In the development of resources; Atkinson, Forum, vol. 13, pp. 362-364, May, 1892; North Am. Review, 156, p. 224, Feb. 1893; Special Consular Reports, vol. 2, p. 311, 1891-92; (b) In the money value of the immigrants as laborers; North Am. Review, vol. 156, pp. 225-227, Feb. 1863.

V. American Laborer does not suffer from immigration: (a) Becaues there is work for all, see IV, a; (b) Because many immigrants belong to non-competing groups; North Am. Review, vol. 156, p. 223, Feb. 1893; Westminster Review, vol. 130, pp. 481-487.