Question: "Resolved, That Immigration into the U. S. should be further restricted by law."

Brief for the Affirmative:

J. E. YOUNG and E. S. TOWNSEND.

Best general reference: Pres. Walker's address in Am. Econ. Ass. Papers May 21, 1888, Vol. 3, p. 157; good general references: H. C. Lodge, Cong. Rec. 2nd sess. 52nd Cong., Thursday, Feb. 19, '91, p. 3326; R. M. Smith, "Immigration and Emigration; E. Schuyler on Italian Immigration; H. G. Wadlin, Commonwealth, Dec. 23, '91.

I. Immigrants are no longer needed. Natural increase of population is sufficient for the development of the country. Pol. Science Quarterly, June '88, pp. 217-220.

II. The character of immigrants is deteriorating: H. C. Lodge as above; N. A. Review, Jan., 91. This causes (1) Political corruption especially in large cities: Smith, pp. 79, 87; (2) Economic difficulties as (a) Great competition of unskilled laborers. (b) Reduction in the standard of living among laborers: T. V. Powderly, N. A. Review, Aug. '88; Pres. Walker's address as above. (c) Advantage of production by immigrants is offset by their remittances home; Smith p. 99; Pol. Science Quarterly, June, '88; H. C. Lodge, N. A. Review, Jan.. '91; (3) Social Evils. Large increase of mortality, crime, and illiteracy; Smith, pp. 150-161.

III. More Stringent Regulation is necessary since present immigration laws have been insufficient to check these evils as (1) Entrance of diseased persons, paupers, etc.: Smith, p. 105.

Brief for the Negative.

C. T. R. BATES and J. S. BROWN.

Best general references: Westminster Review Vol. 130, pp. 474-487; North American Review Vol. 134, pp. 346-367; Frederick Kapp's "Immigration."

I. Immigrants are a gain to the United States. 1. They bring wealth: N. A. Review pp. 350-351; 2. They add to productive power of country: Westminister Review Oct., '88; Lalor Vol. II p. '89; Morgan's speech, Cong. Record 1885, pp. 1630-1635.

II. They do not injure the American laborer. 1. Do not permanently compete with native laborers. (a) Form non-competing groups: Cairne's Political Economy, pp. 57-59, 66-67. (b). Aid division of labor; (c). Have not lowered rate of wages in general: Westminister Review p. 482 et seq. (2). Supply of labor is not excessive: Cong. Rec. XVI pp. 1632, 1788.

III. They do not injure American Institutions. (1). Worst classes are excluded by present laws: St. at Large XXIV p. 414; Cong. Rec. XXII pp. 1326-1328. (2.) Those allowed to land become in time thoroughly Americanized. (3). Mixture of races a gain to civilization: N. A. Review pp. 346-367.

IV. Policy of U. S. towards immigrants has always been liberal, and should not cease to be so at present time: Kapp's "Immigration;" Comp. of 10th census, Vol. I, p. 7.