Brief for the Affirmative:

E. S. TOWNSEND and J. E. YOUNG.Question: "Resolved, That the annexation of Canada is for the interests of the United States."

Best general references: David Wells in N. A. Review, vol. 125, pp. 286-300; vol. 136, p. 326; Richmond M. Smith, Emigration and Immigration; Learned's Report in House Exec. Doc. for 1870-'71, vol. 8, No. 94; Forum, vol. 7, pp. 373 and 521.

I. It would not be the annexation of an unwilling people. - (a) The interests of Canada lie here because of - (1) Great number of Canadian born in U. S.; N. A. R., vol. 136, p. 326. - (2) Extended markets of the United States; Learned's Report in House Exec. Doc. 1870-71, vol. 8, No. 94. - (b) Destructive English control would be removed; Dublin Review, vol. 35, p. 151; Bourinot; Constitutional Manual of Canada. - (c) Canada's debt would be assumed; Johnson's Statistics of Canada.

II. Annexation would be very beneficial to the United States. - (a) By removing danger of invasion from the North; Johnston's Hist. of U. S., pp. 176-180; 192-193; - (b) By giving United States complete control of water-routes and railroads. - (c) By settling all disputes as - (1) Fisheries; 2) Immigration; - (d) By greatly adding to the resources of the country. - (1) Wheat lands. - (2) Forests and Mines; N. A. R., Feb. 1889, pp. 54-73; - (e) By giving great commercial advantages to U. S.; N. A. R. vol. 139, p. 44; Forum, Nov. 1888, pp, 241-256; Boston Herald, Feb. 22, 1888.

III. These benefits cannot be fully obtained by reciprocity. - (a) Necessity for raising Canadian revenues from import duties; Learned's Report in House Exec. Doc.; Speech of G. F. Foster in Canadian Parliament.

Brief for the Negative:

M. I. MOTTE and J. B. LEWIS.

Best general references: North American Review, vol. 148, p. 665; vol. 152, p. 92; Fortnightly Review, LV: 120, 466; Canada statistical Year Book, 1889; Statesman's Year Book, 1891; Bourinot in Scottish Review, XVI; 9-29.

I. Annexation would introduce serious political, social, and economic difficulties. - (a) Canadian Religious troubles; Forum X, 323; No. Amer. Rev., vol. 148. p. 667; Arena, vol. II. - (b) Race problems; Forum VI: 458. - (c) Difference in language; Critic VII: 165. - (d) Political system is different from ours; Forum VI, 458. - (e) Large and increasing debt; Statesman's Year Book, 1891.

II. There are serious practical difficulties in the way of Annexation. - (a) Increase in the civil service. - (b) Opposition of Great Britain; Fort. Review LV, 120; No. Amer. Rev. vol. 152, p. 473. - (c) Canadians do not favor it; Spectator, vol. 64, 163; Mag. Amer. Hist. XVI, 180.

III. Reciprocity would insure all the advantages of annexation. - (a) It would be mutually beneficial; No. Amer. Rev. vol. 139. - (b) Canadians desire it; Forum VII, 14; Speeches of Cartwright and Foster in Canadian H. of C., June 27, '91. - (c) It would settle all disputes; Hunt's Mer. Mag. vol. 24. - (d) It would be subject to none of the disadvantages of union; No. Amer. Rev. vol. 148, p. 670.