Resolved, that President Cleveland has violated his pledges to further civil service reform.

Brief for the Affirmative.H. S. Sanford, J. M. Hallowell.

I. President Cleveland has promised that under his administration civil service offices should not be the reward of partisan activity: Letter accepting nomination, Aug., 1884; letter to G. W. Curtis, Dec. 25, 1884; inaugural address, March 4, 1884; letter to heads of departments, July 14, 1886. (Extracts from all these can be found in Senator Hale's speech in the Senate, Jan. 12, 1888.) Text in the newspapers of the day.

II. He has expelled Republicans who were competent and who did not use their offices in "partisan activity": e. g., the Stone Case; Civil Service Record for August, 1887.

III. He has for partisan purposes appointed men unfit to fill the positions: American Feudalism, P. 11.

IV. He has not fulfilled the civil service law: Senator Hale's speech, Aug. 12, 1887.

Best reference: Senator Hale's speech in Congress. Record, Jan. 12, 1887.

Brief for the Affirmative.G. W. Cram, R. T. Paine, jr.

Best single reference: Civil Service Record, May, 1887, pp. 92 to 94.

I. Mr. Cleveland's pledges-(a) Guarded, limited and moderate; (b) to obey civil service law; (c) to make "no removals for partisan reasons solely": Transcript, Dec. 30, 1884; Nation, vol. 43, p. 68; Civil Service Record, June, 1887, p. 99.

II. Meaning of civil service reform-(a) Not necessarily reappointment of same officials, but election of capable and efficient men; (b) the prevent civil service law does not present removals for partisan reasons, and applies only to one-eighth of the offices: Annual Report of U. S. Civil Service Commission, 1884, p. 26; 1885, p. 10; U. S. Statutes at large, vol. 22, 403-407.

III. President Cleveland has kept these pledges-(a) No immediate clean sweep; (b) comparatively few removals; (c) many vacancies are due to expiration of term, resignation and death; (d) new appointments in the main excellent, especially in the diplomatic service; (e) President is not responsible for character of candidates recommended by congressmen and respectable citizens: Nation, vol. 41, 216; vol. 45, 61, 144, 103; Public Opinion, vol. II, 255; Civil Service Record, Aug. 1887, p. 14, Jan. 1888, p. 51.

IV. President Cleveland has favored civil service reform-(a) has supported Civil Service Commission, and favored an extension of the rules; (b) has resisted constant and enormous pressure from office-seekers; (c) owes a duty to his party; (d) neither political party favors reform; (e) he has established a good precedent, and made a return to the spoils system impossible: Civil Service Record, Dec. 1885, p. 58; May, 1886, p. 90; Aug., 1886, p. 18; Jan., 1887, p. 57; Nov., 1887, p. 36.